Fluoride’s anti-cariogenic effect has been long documented. Fluoride and frequency of ingestion of fermentable carbohydrates are the 2 greatest issues in the caries battle. Today most US residents are exposed to fluoride to some degree, although only 58% receive optimal levels through community water systems. Widespread use of fluoride has been a major factor in the decline in the prevalence and severity of dental caries in the United States and other economically developed countries. Fluoride has been incorporated into two thirds of all public water supplies. Its efficacy and safety have been established by numerous studies and reviewed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Frequent exposure to small amounts of fluoride each day is the best way to reduce the risk for developing tooth decay. Fluoride will combine into the tooth structure to make enamel more resistant to acid attack. After ingestion, fluoride passes from the systemic circulation into saliva and is constantly available to repair initial acid attacks. Fluoride decreases the production of acids that cause tooth decay.

Fluoride concentrated in dental plaque and saliva inhibits the demineralization—loss of calcium, phosphate, and carbonate—of sound enamel and enhances its remineralization. Following remineralization the enamel is more acid resistant and contains more fluoride and less carbonate.