Current Articles
Please note: The following information has not been approved or endorsed by the American Academy of Pediatrics or by the Section on Bioethics.

Note from the Web Editor: This is simply a listing of articles and books that caught my attention. I thought they might be of interest to pediatricians who have an interest in Bioethics. I've tried to include a short statement about the article if it didn't seem clear as to content. The arrangement is by general topics. Within the topics, the arrangement is by author then title. I'm open to suggestions on articles or books to include. To keep it from getting too long, occasionally I'll take some of them off. Some of the articles may provide CME credit but there is also a separate listing for CME courses available.

Categories
“A Piece of My Mind” & other similar type articles
Chiaramonte D. Who’s Afraid of the Empowered Patient?  JAMA. 2008;300:1393-1394.

Cripe LD. Giving Up.  JAMA 2009;301(17):1747-1748. 

Drazen JM, et al. Fighting On. NEJM. 2009;360(5):444-445.  

Harris JC, DeAngelis CD. The Power of Hope. JAMA. 2008;300(24):2919-2920. 

Mokotoff DM. Remembering Earl. JAMA. 2008;300(16):1853-1854. 

Possner A. Trying Not to Miss the Point.  JAMA. 2008;300(24):2836. 

Schenck S. A Lesson Learned by Accident.  JAMA. 2008;300(18):2101. 

Srivastava R. Denial NEJM 2009;360(12):1174-1177. 

AAP Articles-Pediatrics in Review
Kodjo C. Cultural Competence in Clinician Communication.  Pediatrics in Review. 2009;30(2):57-63.

Mercurio MR, et al. American Academy of Pediatrics Policy Statements on Bioethics: Summaries and
Commentaries: Part 1.  Pediatrics in Review.  2008;29:e1-e8. 

Mercurio MR, et al. American Academy of Pediatrics Policy Statements on Bioethics: Summaries and
Commentaries: Part 2.  Pediatrics in Review.  2008;29:e15-e22. 

Mercurio MR, et al. American Academy of Pediatrics Policy Statements on Bioethics: Summaries and
Commentaries: Part 3.  Pediatrics in Review.  2008;29:e28-e34.    

Wang D, et al. Complementary, Holistic, and Integrative Medicine: Fever.   Pediatrics in Review. 2009;30(2):e9-
e10. 

Articles
Abuse & Neglect/ Foster Care
Foreman DM, William J. Medical Law and protection of children. BMJ. 2008;337:a1380. (editorial on physicians,
child abuse, and reporting.)

Access to care
Cole P. Migration and the Human Right to Health. Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics. 2009:18:70-77.   

Helvin LK. Caring for the uninsured: are not-for-profit hospitals doing their share? Yale J Health Policy Law Ethics.
2008;8(2):421-70. 

Hurst, S., S. Reiter-Theil, et al. "Should ethics consultants help clinicians face scarcity in their practice?"  Journal
of Medical Ethics 2008;34:241-246. 

Autonomy, Beneficence, Paternalism etc.
Brudney D. Choosing for Another: Beyond Autonomy and Best Interests.  Hastings Center Report. 
2009;39(2):31-37. 

Burt RA. Invitation to the Dance: Lessons from Susan Sontag’s Death.  Hastings Center Report.  2009;39(2):38-
45.
 
Veatch RM. Patient, Heal Thyself: How the New Medicine Puts the Patient in Charge.   New York, Oxford
University Press, 2009.   ISBN-13: 978-0195313727

This is reviewed in Hall MA. NEJM. 2008;359(26):2851-2852. 

                   
Allergies/Immunology
Andorno R.  Human Dignity and Human Rights as a Common Ground for a Global Bioethics.  Journal of Medicine
and Philosophy 2009 34(3):223-240. 

Christakis NA. This Allergies Hysteria Is Just Nuts. BMJ. 2008;337:a2880. (on overreactions in schools.)

Codes & declarations         
Goodyear MD, et al. Fresh Thinking about the Declaration of Helsinki. BMJ. 2008;337:a2128. 

Harmon SHE.  Ethical Rhetoric: Genomics and the moral content of UNESCO’s universal declarations.  Journal of
Medical Ethics. 2008;34:e24.

Jotkowitz A. The Holocaust and Medical Ethics: the Voices of the Victims. Journal of Medical Ethics. 2008;34:869-
870.

Miles SH, Freedman AM. Medical Ethics and Torture: Revising the Declaration of Tokyo. The Lancet. 
2009;373(960):344-348.

Rubenstein L, Younis M. Scientists and Human Rights. Science. 2008;322(5906):1303.

Trotter G. The UNESCO Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights: A Canon for the Ages?  Journal of Medicine
and Philosophy 2009 34(3):195-203.

Communication/Relationships
An PG, et al. Burden of Difficult Encounters in Primary Care: Data From the Minimizing Error, Maximizing
Outcomes Study.  Arch Int Med 2009;169(4):410-414. 

Brenner MJ. Collateral Damage.  JAMA 2009;301(16):1637-1638. 

An PG, et al. Burden of Difficult Encounters in Primary Care: Data From the Minimizing Error, Maximizing
Outcomes Study.  Arch Int Med 2009;169(4):410-414. 

Brenner MJ. Collateral Damage.  JAMA 2009;301(16):1637-1638. 

Derse AR, Miller TE. Net Ettect: Professional and Ethical Challenges of Medicine Online.  Cambridge Quarterly of
Healthcare Ethics. 2008;17(4):453-464.

Dugdale LS, et al. Medical Professionalism and the Doctor-Patient Relationship. Perspectives in Biology and
Medicine. 2008;51(4):547-553. 

Hinkley AE. "How Are We Defining Our Terms Here?": The Defining the Semantic Meaning of Terms in Bioethical
Debates.  J Med & Phil.  2008.  33(6):533-537. 

Ho A. Using Family Members as Interpreters in the Clinical Setting. J Clinical Ethics. 2008:19(3):223-233. 

Martyn C. Of mondegreens, mismatches, and misunderstandings.  BMJ 2009;338:b244. 

Mayer ML. On Being a “Difficult” Patient.  Health Affairs. 2008;27(5):1416-1421.

McCullough LB. Tracking the Variability of Authority and Power in the Physician-Patient Relationship.  J Med &
Phil.  2009: 34:1-5.

Shaw J. A Reformation for our times.  BMJ 2009;338:b1080. 

Confidentiality/HIPAA/Privacy/Medical Records
Alpert S. Privacy Issues in Clinical Genomic Medicine, or Marcus Welby, MD, meets the $1000 genome. Cambridge
Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics. 2008;17(4):373-384. 

Denny, C., B. Wilfond, et al. "All in the Family: Disclosure of "Unwanted" Information to an Adolescent to Benefit
a Relative." American Journal of Medical Genetics. 2008;Part A 146A:2719-2724. 

Fins JJ.  Web of Care: How Will the Electronic Medical Record Change Medicine? Hastings Center Report.
2008;38(5):27:36-48. 

Foster K, Jaeger J. Ethical Implications of Implantable Radiofrequency Identification (RFID) Tags in Humans.
 AJOB. 2008;8(8):44-48. (with commentaries)

Friedman RA. Role of Physicians and Mental Health Professionals in Discussions of Public Figures. JAMA.
2008;300(11):1348-1350. 

Conflict of interests
Steinbrook R. Online Disclosure of Physician-Industry Relationships. NEJM. 2009;360(4):325-327. 

Conscience and Conscientious objection
Cantor JD. Conscientious Objection Gone Awry—Restoring Selfless Professionalism in Medicine.  NEJM
2009;360(15):1484-1485. 

Frader J, Bosk CL: The personal is political, the professional is not: Conscientious objection to
obtaining/providing/acting on genetic information. Amer J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet 2009;151C(1):62-67. 

May T, Aulisio MP: Personal Morality and Professional Obligations: Rights of Conscience and Informed Consent. 
Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 2009;52(1):30-38. 

Wicclair MR. Negative and positive claims of conscience. Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics. 2009:
18(1):14-22. 

Consent (including parental consent & decisions)
Annas GJ. Globalized Clinical Trials and Informed Consent.  NEJM 2009;360(20):2050-2053. 

Appelbaum PS, Lidz CW, Klitzman R. Voluntariness of Consent to Research: A Conceptual Model.  The Hastings
Center. 2009;39(1):30-39. 

Chwang E. Against the Inalienable Right to Withdraw from Research.  Bioethics. 2008;22(7):370-378.

Henry J, et al. Reformed Consent: Adapting to New Media and Research Participant Preferences.  IRB: Ethics
& Human Research.  2009. March-April

Isaacs D, et al. Ethical debate: Gaining consent for publication in difficult cases involving children. 
BMJ  2008;337:a1231. 

Jorgensen KJ.  Informed choice requires information about both benefits and harms.    Journal of Medical Ethics
2009;35:268-269. 

Kimmelman J. Battling a Thousand Points of Might. The Hastings Center. 2009;39(1):3.

La Caze A. A Problem for Achieving Informed Choice. Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics.  2008;29(4):255-265. 

Minnies D, Hawkridge T, Hanekom W, Ehrlich R, London L, Hussey G. Evaluation of the quality of informed
consent in a vaccine field trial in a developing country setting. BMC Med Ethics. 2008;9(1):15. 

Newson AJ. Commentary: Consent and confidentiality in publishing—the view of the BMJ’s ethics committee. 
BMJ  2008;337:a1232. 

Oberklaid F. Ethical debate: Commentary: Consent to publication—no absolutes. BMJ. 2008;337:a1232.

Oduro AR, et al. Understanding and Retention of the Informed Consent Process among Parents in Rural
Northern Ghana.  BMC Medical Ethics. 2008,9:12. 

Smith J. Patient Confidentiality and Consent to Publication. BMJ. 2008;337:a1572.

Development/ADD/Autism
Barnbaum DR. The Ethics of Autism: Among Them, But Not of Them.  Indiana University Press. 2008. ISBN 978-
0253220134. This is reviewed in NEJM.

Munson JA. NEJM 2009;360(23):2485-2486. 

Cohen EF. Children, ADHD, and Citizenship. Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 2009 34(2):155-180. 

Kahane G, Savulescu J. Brain Damage and the Moral Significance of Consciousness.  J Med Philos 2009:34(1):6-
26. 

Offit PA.  Autism’s False Prophets: Bad Science, Risky Medicine, and the Search for a Cure.  Columbia University
Press, New York, 2008. ISBN 9780231146364. 
This is reviewed in: Science’s December 12 issue. 


Disability/Birth Defects/Eugenics
Dixon DP. Informed consent or institutionalized eugenics? How the medical profession encourages abortion of
fetuses with Down syndrome. Issues Law Med. 2008;24(1):3-59. 

Disability/Birth Defects/Eugenics
Scully JL. Disability Bioethics: Moral Bodies, Moral Difference.  Feminist Constructions. Rowman & Littlefield
Publishers. 2008. ISBN 978-0-7425-5122-0. This is reviewed in: Parens E. NEJM. 2008;359(21):2298-2299. 

Shaw D. Deaf by Design: Disability and Impartiality Bioethics. 2008;22(8):407-413. 

Thakkar D, Aladangady N. Appropriately grown baby with multiple congenital abnormalities: a case report.
Medscape J Med. 2008;10(9):210.

Drugs/Pharmacology/Pharmacists
Katz MH. Banning Tobacco Sales in Pharmacies.  JAMA. 2008;300(12):1451-1453. 

Steinbrook R. Physician-Industry Relations—Will Fewer Gifts Make a Difference?  NEJM 2009;360(6):557-559. 

Duty/Virtues/”First Do No Harm”/Truth-telling
Gavaghan C. "You can’t handle the truth"; medical paternalism and prenatal alcohol use. Journal of Medical Ethics
2009;35:300-303.   

Levine P. The Case for “Service”.  Philosophy & Public Policy Quarterly. 2008;28:2-8.

Economics/financing/insurance
Casalino LP, et al. What Does It Cost Physician Practices to Interact with Health Insurance Plans? Health Affairs
28, no. 4 (2009): w533-w543 (published online 14 May 2009) 

Gruber J. Universal Health Insurance Coverage or Economic Relief—A False Choice. NEJM. 2009;360(5):437-439. 

Hall MA, Schneider CE. The Professional Ethics of Billing and Collections. JAMA. 2008;300(15):1806-1808.

Hughes D, et al. Universal Health Insurance for Children.  J Health Care for the Poor and Underserved. 
2009;20(1):4-17.   

Education & Mentors
Leo T. Professionalism Education: the Medical Student Response.  Perspectives in Biology and Medicine. 
2008;51(4): 508-516. 

McDougall R. Combating junior doctors’ "4am logic": a challenge for medical ethics education.  Journal of Medical
Ethics 2009;35:203-206. 


Emergency Care/Emergency Rooms/Disasters
Herrera C. Tinkering with the Survival Lottery during a Public Health Crisis.  Journal of Medicine and Philosophy
2009 34(2):181-194.  

End of Life
Back AL, et al. Abandonment at the End of Life from Patient, Caregiver, Nurse, and Physician Perspectives.  Arch
Intern Med. 2009;169(5):474-479. 

Callahan D. Death, Mourning, and Medical Progress. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine.  2009;52(1):103-115. 

Chervenak FA, McCullough LB, Arabin B. The Groningen Protocol: Is it necessary? Is it scientific? Is it ethical? J Perinat Med. 2009: 37(3):199-205. 

Cochrane TI. Unnecessary Time Pressure in Refusal of Life Sustaining Therapies: Fear of Missing the Opportunity to Die. AJOB. 2009;9(4):47-54.

Davis DS. The Parental Investment Factor and the Child’s Right to an Open Future.  Hastings Center Report.
2009;39(2):24-27.

Hanchate, A., Kronman, A., et al. "Racial and Ethnic Differences in End-of-Life Costs." Archives of Internal
Medicine 2009:169(5): 493-501.

Johnson MRD.  End of life care in ethnic minorities.  BMJ 2009;338:a2989

Lyon ME, et al. Who Will Speak for Me? Improving End-of-Life Decision Making for Adolescents with HIV and Their Families.  Pediatrics 2009;123(2):e199-e206.

Merrell DA. Erring on the Side of Life: The Case of Terri Schiavo. Journal of Medical Ethics 2009;35:323-325.

Meyer H. Lives in the Balance.  Medical Economics.  2009; 86(6): 12.  

Miller FG. A Planned Death in the Family.  Hastings Center Report. 2009;39(2):28-30. 

President’s Council on Bioethics. Controversies in the Determination of Death: A White Paper by the President’s
Council on Bioethics. 2009.

Sharma G, et al. Continuity of Care and Intensive Care Unit Use at the End of Life. Arch Intern Med.
 2009;169(1):81-86. 

Wright AA, et al. Associations between End-of-Life Discussions, Patient Mental Health, Medical Care Near Death,
and Caregiver Bereavement Adjustment. JAMA 2008;300(14):1665-1673. 

Enhancement/Modifications/Technology
Barclay L. Egalitarianism and Responsibility in the Genetic Future.  J Med Phil 2009;34(2): 119-134.

Berg JW. Making All the Children Above Average: Ethical and Regulatory Concerns for Pediatricians in Pediatric
Enhancement Research.  Clinical Pediatrics 2009;48(5):472-480. 

Buchanan A. Human Nature and Enhancement. Bioethics. 2009;23(3):141-150. 

Dreger A. Gender Identity Disorder in Childhood: Inconclusive Advice to Parents. The Hastings Center 
2009;39(1):26-29.

Eliott T.  Body Dysmorphic Disorder, Radical Surgery and the Limits of Consent.  Med Law Rev 2009 17: 149-
182. 

Faust HS. Should We Select for Genetic Moral Enhancement? A Thought Experiment Using the MoralKinder (MK+)
Haplotype. Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics.  2009;29(6):397-416. 

Gilbert S. Children’s Bodies, Parents’ Choices. The Hastings Center. 2009;39(1):14-15. 

Glannon W. Stimulating brains, altering minds. Journal of Medical Ethics 2009;35:289-292. 

Kaebnick GE. It’s Against Nature? The Hastings Center. 2009;39(1):24-25. 

Opel DJ, WIlfond BS. Cosmetic Surgery in Children with Cognitive Disabilities: Who Benefits? Who Decides? The
Hastings Center. 2009;39(1):19-21. 

Ouellette A. Eyes Wide Open: Surgery to Westernize the Eyes of an Asian Child. The Hastings Center.
2009;39(1):15-18. 

Parens E. Respecting Children with Disabilities-and Their Parents. The Hastings Center. 2009;39(1):22-23. 

Schermer M. Enhancements, Easy Shortcuts, and the Richness of Human Activities.  Bioethics. 2008;22(7):355-
363. 

Wasserman D. Performance-Enhancing Technologies and the Values of Athletic Competition. Philosophy & Public
Policy Quarterly. 2008;28:22-27.

Zuckerman D, Abraham A. Teenagers and Cosmetic Surgery: Focus on Breast Augmentation and Liposuction.  J
Adol Health. 2008;43(4):318-324. (free access to the article at least for now)

Ethics-clinical, committees & consultations
Sokol DK. But you’re not a doctor! BMJ. 2008;337:a3077. 

Ethics-general- philosophy, ethical codes, etc
Bacon N. Will Doctor Rating Sites Improve Standards of Care? Yes.  BMJ 2009;338:b1030. 

Birth to Death and Bench to Clinic: The Hastings Center Bioethics Briefing Book for Journalists, Policymakers, and
Campaigns. The Hastings Center. 2008. 

Ford RJ, Dudzinski DM. Complex Ethics Consultations: Cases that Haunt Us.  New York, Cambridge University
Press, 2008. $60. ISBN 978-0-521-69715-6. This is reviewed in: NEJM. 2009;360(7):738-739. 

Human Dignity and Bioethics: Essays Commissioned by the President’s Council on Bioethics.  Washington, DC,
US Independent Agencies  and Commissions, 2008. ISBN-13: 978-0-1608-0071-9. This is reviewed in: Sheehan
MN.  JAMA. 2008;300(24):2926-2927. Amazon is charging $49 dollars but you may reach a PDF here. It is 577
pages so be aware. 

McCartney M. Will Doctor Rating Sites Improve the Quality of Care? No. BMJ 2009;338:b1033. 

Pedersen R, Akre V, Forde R. What is happening during case deliberations in clinical ethics committees? A pilot
study.  Journal of Medical Ethics 2009;35:147-152. 

Sokol DK. Rethinking Ward Rounds. BMJ 2009;338:b879. you might want to check the rapid responses as well. 
One author states: "is hard to envisage an improvement in outcomes following the implementation of an ethical
checklist beyond the financial"

Strech D. Evidence-based ethics--what it should be and what it shouldn't. BMC Med Ethics. 2008;9(16). 

Euthanasia, Physician-Assisted-Suicide
Battin MP. Terminal Sedation: Pulling the Sheet over Our Eyes. Hastings Center Report 2008;38(5):27-30. 

Callahan D. Organized Obfuscation: Advocacy for Physician Assisted Suicide. Hastings Center Report
2008;38(5):30-32. 

Cohen-Almagor R. Euthanasia Policy and Practice in Belgium: Critical Observations and Suggestions for
Improvement.  Issues in Law & Medicine.  2009;24(3): 187-218. 

Gesundheit B, Steinberg A, Blazer S, Jotkowitz A. The Groningen Protocol - The Jewish Perspective. Neonatology.
2009;96(1):6-10. 

Hasselaar JGG. Palliative Sedation Until Death: An Approach from Kant’s Ethics of Virtue. Theoretical Medicine and
Bioethics. 2008;29(6):387-396.

Mitchell JB. Understanding Assisted Suicide: Nine Issues to Consider. JAMA. 2009;301(18):1937-1938. 

Quill TE. Physician Assisted Death in the United States: Are the Existing Last Resorts Enough? Hastings Center
Report 2008;38(5):17-22.

Steinbrook R. Physician-Assisted Death-From Oregon to Washington State. NEJM. 2008;359(24):2513-2515. 

Wolf SM. Confronting Physician-Assisted Death and Euthanasia. Hastings Center Report. 2008;38(5):23-26. 

 
Family   
Caenazzo L, Comacchio A, Tozzo P, Rodriguez D, Benciolini P. Paternity testing requested by private parties in
Italy: some ethical considerations. J Med Ethics. 2008;34(10):735-7. 

Davis DS. The Parental Investment Factor and the Child’s Right to an Open Future.  Hastings Center Report.
2009;39(2):24-27. 

Denny CC, Wilfond BS, Peters JA, Giri N, Alter BP. All in the family: Disclosure of "unwanted" information to an
adolescent to benefit a relative. Am J Med Genet. A. 2008.

Fanos JH, et al. Candles in the Snow: Ritual and Memory for Siblings of infants who died in the Intensive Care
Nursery. 2009;154(6):849-853.

Goering S.Postnatal Reproductive Autonomy: Promoting Relational Autonomy and Self Trust in New Parents.
 Bioethics. 2009;23(1):9-19.

Ross LF. Ethical and policy lessons to be learned from a family with inherited bone marrow failure. Am J Med
Genet A. 2008;146A(21):2715-2718.

Ruck M, Holt E. Parental Rights Recognised.  Med Law Rev 2009 17: 282-289.

Futility
Sokol DK. The Slipperiness of Futility.  BMJ 2009;338:b2222. 

Genetics/Testing
Annas GJ, Roche P, Green RC. GINA, Genism, and Civil Rights. Bioethics. 2008;22(7):ii-iv. (editorial)

Bandelt HJ, Yao YG, Richards MB, Salas A. The brave new era of human genetic testing. Bioessays. 2008;30(11-
12):1246-1251. 

Bombard Y, et al. Perceptions of Genetic Discrimination Among People at Risk for Huntington’s Disease: A Cross
Sectional Survey.  BMJ 2009;338:b2175. 

Clarke AJ, Gaff C. Challenges in the Genetic Testing of Children for Familial Cancers.  Arch Dis Child 2008; 93:
911-914.

Farrelly C. Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis, Reproductive Freedom, and Deliberative Democracy.  J Med Phil
2009;34(2):93-101. 

Green RC, Annas GJ. The Genetic Privacy of Presidential Candidates.  NEJM 2008;359(21):2192-2193.

Hindorff LA, et al. Motivating Factors for Physician Ordering of Factor V Leiden Genetic Tests. Arch Intern Med.
 2009;169(1):68-74.

Hsu AR, et al. A Pragmatic Consideration of Ethical Issues Relating to Personal Genomics AJOB 2009;9(6):1 

Kraft P, Hunter DJ. Genetic Risk Prediction—Are We There Yet?  NEJM 2009;360(17):1701-1703. 

Liao SM. Is there a duty to share genetic information?  Journal of Medical Ethics 2009;35:306-309, 

McGuire A, et al. Social Networkers’ Attitudes toward Direct-to-Consumer Personal Genome Testing. AJOB
2009;9(6):3. Don’t forget the commentaries

Sexton AC, Metcalfe SA. Disclosing Genetic Research Results after Death of Pediatric Patients. JAMA.
 2008;300(14):1693-1695.   

Simopoulos AP, Committee for the Study of Inborn Errors of M. Genetic screening: programs, principles, and
research--thirty years later. reviewing the recommendations of the Committee for the Study of Inborn Errors of
Metabolism (SIEM). Public Health Genomics. 2009;12(2):105-11. 

Soo-Jin Lee, S. Research 2.0: Social Networking and Direct-To-Consumer (DTC) Genomics.  AJOB 2009; 9(6):35.  
Don’t forget the commentaries

Souza RT, Goldim JR. Ethics, genetics and pediatrics. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2008;84(4 Suppl):S2-7. 

Gifts       
Kamerow D. No Gifts, Please, We’re Doctors. BMJ. 2009;338:b1835.

Health Policy &healthcare systems
The Right to Health: From Rhetoric to Reality.  The Lancet 2008:372(9655):2001. 

Belhadj H, Toure A. Gender Equality and the Right to Health. The Lancet 2008;372(9655):2008-2009. 

Fisher ES, et al. Achieving Health Care Reform—How Physicians Can Help. NEJM 2009; 360(24): 2495-2497. 

Godlee F. Health is a Human Right. BMJ. 2009;338:b136

Iglehart JK. Building Momentum as Democrats Forge Health Care Reform. NEJM. 2009; 360(23):2385-2387.

Jadad AR, O’Grady L. How Should Health Be Defined? BMJ 2008;337:a2900 There are a number of comments
and a followup editorial.

Murphy T, Whitty N. IS HUMAN RIGHTS PREPARED? RISK, RIGHTS AND PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCIES.  Med Law
Rev 2009 published 8 May 2009.

Oberlander J. Great Expectations—The Obama Administration and Health Care Reform. NEJM. 2009;360(4):321-
323. 

Oberlander J. Finding the Right Poison—Options for Funding Health Care Reform.  NEJM 2009;360(20):2045-
2048.

Pillay N. Right to Health and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The Lancet. 2008:372(9655):2005-
2006. 

Sen A. Why and How Is Health a Human Right? The Lancet. 2008;372(9655):2010. 

Sparer M. Medicaid and the US Path to National Health Insurance.  NEJM. 2009;360(4):323-325. 

Hospitalization/hospital care
Chan PS, et al. Hospital-wide Code Rates and Mortality Before and After Implementation of a Rapid Response
Team. JAMA. 2008;300(21):2506-2513.  So, this type of response was implemented but is now shown not to
reduce hospital wide code rates or mortality at least at this hospital. 

Infectious disease/Vaccinations/Epidemics
An Online Symposium on Liability for Exercising Personal Belief Exemptions from Vaccination. Michigan Law
Review. 2009;107(3).
Diekema DS. Choices Should Have Consequences: Failure to Vaccinate, Harm to Others and Civil Liability. 
Michigan Law Review. 2009;107(3):90-94.

Gordon J. Parents Should Not be Legally Liable for Refusing to Vaccinate their Children. Michigan Law Review.  2009;107(3):95-99.
Rubin DB, Kasimow S. The Problem of Vaccination Noncompliance: Public Health Goals and the Limitations of Tort Law. Michigan Law Review. 2009;107(3):114.

Schwartz JL. Unintended Consequences: The Primacy of Public Trust in Vaccination. Michigan Law Review. 
2009;107(3)100-104.
Stewart A. Challenging Personal Belief Immunization Exemptions: Considering Legal Responses. Michigan Law
Review.  2009;107(3)105-109.

Teret SP, Vernick JS. Gambling with the Health of Others.  Michigan Law Review.  2009;107(3):110-113. 

Brody H, Avery EN. Medicine’s Duty to Treat Pandemic Illness: Solidarity and Vulnerability.  The Hastings Center 
2009;39(1):40-48. 

Champ R. When Can Doctors Stay Away? Staying Away Might Be Better.  BMJ 2009;338:b638. 

Cohen J. Treat Everyone Now? A “Radical” Model to Stop HIV’s Spread. Science. 2008;322(5907):1453. 

Cook K. Ethical and legal issues accompanying legislation requiring HPV vaccination of girls. Health Matrix Clevel.
2008;18(1):209-28. 

Davies J. When can doctors stay away? Consider employers’ duty of care. BMJ 2009;338:b637. (these letters
are responding to: Sokol DK. When can doctors stay away? BMJ 2009;338:b165.)

Glanz JM, et al. Parental Refusal of Pertussis Vaccination Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Pertussis
Infection in Children.  PEDIATRICS 2009:123(6) :1446-1451.

Granich RM, et al. Universal voluntary HIV testing with immediate antiretroviral therapy as a strategy for
elimination of HIV transmission: a mathematical model.  Lancet. 2009. 373(9657):48-57. “We investigated a
theoretical strategy of universal voluntary HIV testing and immediate treatment with ART, and examined the
conditions under which the HIV epidemic could be driven towards elimination.”

Halperin B, Melnychuk R, Downie J, Macdonald N. When is it permissible to dismiss a family who refuses
vaccines? Legal, ethical and public health perspectives. Paediatr Child Health. 2007;12(10):843-5. 

Harrell H. Currents in contemporary ethics: HPV vaccines, privacy, and public health. J Law Med Ethics.
2009;37(1):134-8. 

Isaacs D, Kilham H, Leask J, Tobin B. Ethical issues in immunisation. Vaccine. 2008. 

Javitt G, et al. Assessing Mandatory HPV Vaccination: Who Should Call the Shots? Journal of Law, Medicine &
Ethics. 2008;36(2):384-395.  (I missed this one which was posted online in June.)

Malm H, et al. Ethics, Pandemics and the Duty to Treat.  AJOB. 2008;8(8):4-19.  (there are commentaries also)

Omer SB, et al. Vaccine Refusal, Mandatory Immunization, and the Risks of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases. 
NEJM. 2009;360(19):1981-1988. This has CME credit associated with it. 

Selgelid MJ, Enemark C. Infectious Diseases, Security and Ethics: The Case of HIV/AIDS. Bioethics. 
2008;22(9):457-465. 

Silverman RD. Litigation, Regulation, and Education — Protecting the Public's Health through Childhood
Immunization. NEJM. 2009; 360(24):2500-2501.

Sokol D. When Can Doctors Stay Away?  BMJ 2009;338:b165.  “Time is of the essence. The debate can hardly
occur once the epidemic has started, nor should the discussion on the duty of care be restricted to academics
and pandemic planners. It should extend to those whose duty will be challenged.”

Intersex/Transgender
Feder KE, Karkazis K.  What’s in a Name? The Controversy over “Disorders of Sex Development”  Hastings
Center Report. 2008;38(5):33-36. 

Karkazis K. Fixing Sex: Intersex, Medical Authority, and Lived Experience. Duke University. 2008;ISBN-10:
0822343185

Legal
Douglas T. Medical Injury Compensation: Beyond ‘No-Fault”. Medical Law Review. 2009;17:30-51. (pdf of the
article)

Esselheim AS, Studdert DM. The Supreme Court, Preemption, and Malpractice Liability. NEJM 2009;360(6):559-
561. 

McAninch CB, et al. Psychologic Effects of Poor Outcome and Professional Liability Actions on
Physicians. Southern Medical Journal. 2008;101(10):1032-1034. 

Media/Informatics
Farnan JM, et al. The YouTube Generation: Implications for Medical Professionalism. Perspectives in Biology and
Medicine. 2008;51(4): 517-524.

Medical Error/Quality of Care
Chafe R, et al. Disclosing Errors that Affect Multiple Patients. CMAJ 2009;180(11):1125 -1127. 

Godlee F. Human as Hero.  BMJ. 2009;338:b238. 

Kaldjian LC, et al.  Journal of Medical Ethics 2008;34:717-722.   

Loren DJ, et al.  Medical Error Disclosure Among Pediatricians. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2008;162(10):922-927. 

Wharam JF, Sulmasy D. Improving the Quality of Health Care. JAMA. 2009;301(2):215-217. 

Misconduct
Students Whose Behaviour Causes Concern: Case History. Brit Med J. 2008;337:a2874. 

Bowman D. Students whose behaviour causes concern: ethical perspective. BMJ. 2008;337 a2882. 

Cohen J. Students whose behaviour causes concern: role of universities. BMJ. 2008;337:a2884. 

Galukande M. Students Whose Behaviour Causes Concern: Am I My Brother’s Keeper? Brit Med J.
2008;337:a2875. 

Trowell J. Students whose behaviour causes concern: The GMC’s view.  BMJ. 2008;337 a2876.

Vengoechea J, et al. Misconduct in Medical Students. Developing World Bioethics.  2008;8(3):219-225. 

Neonatology and Fetal Issues
Bellieni CV, Buonocore G. Flaws in the assessment of the best interests of the newborn. Acta Paediatr. 2009.
98(4):613-617.   

Duhon G, Moazam F. An Uncomfortable Refusal.  Hastings Center Report 2008;38(5):15-16. 

Farrell RM. True North.  Hastings Center Report. 2009;39(2):9-10. 

Seavilleklein V. Challenging the rhetoric of choice in prenatal screening. Bioethics. 2009;23(1):68-77. 

Newborn Screening
Buckley F, Buckley S. Wrongful deaths and rightful lives - screening for Down syndrome. Downs Syndr Res Pract.
2008;12(2):79-86. 

Dresser R. Prenatal Testing and Disability: A Truce in the Culture Wars? Hastings Center Report. 2009;39(3):7-8.

Driscoll DA, Gross S. Prenatal Screening for Aneuploidy.  NEJM 2009;360(24):2556-2562.

Fauser BC. Preimplantation genetic screening: the end of an affair? Hum Reprod. 2008;23(12):2622-5. 

Howell RR, Green N. Every Child Is Priceless: Debating Effective Newborn Screening Policy.  Hastings Center
Report. 2009;39(1) :4-8. This is a letter with replies. 

Kerruish NJ, Webster D, Dickson N. Information and consent for newborn screening: practices and attitudes of
service providers. J Med Ethics. 2008;34(9):648-52. 

Leao LL, de Aguiar MJ. Newborn screening: what pediatricians should know. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2008;84(4
Suppl):S80-90. 

Miller FA, Robert JS, Hayeems RZ. Questioning the consensus: managing carrier status results generated by
newborn screening. Am J Public Health. 2009;99(2):210-5. 

Schneider CE. Thou Good and Faithful Servant.  The Hastings Center.  2009;39(1):10-11. 

Seavilleklein V. Challenging the Rhetoric of Choice in Prenatal Screening.  Bioethics 2009;23(1):68-77. 

Therrell B, et al.  Impact of Expanded Newborn Screening—United States, 2006.  MMWR.  2008;57(37):1012-
1015. 

Neonatology and Fetal Issues
Gelbart B, Barfield C, Watkins A. Ethical and Legal Considerations in Video Recording Neonatal Resuscitations. 
Journal of Medical Ethics 2009;35:120-124. 

Jotkowitz A, et al. A Case Against Justified Non-Voluntary Active Euthanasia (The Groningen Protocol).  AJOB
2008;8(11):23-26. (look for the commentaries also)

Singer AJ, et al. Triage Pain Scores and the Desire for and Use of Analgesics.  Annals of Emergency Medicine. 
2008;52(6):689-695. 

Nutrition
Mello MM. New York City’s War on Fat.  NEJM 2009;360(19):2015-2020. 

Pain
Van Howe RS, Svoboda JS. Neonatal pain relief and the Helsinki declaration. J Law Med Ethics. 2008;36(4):803-
23. 

Patient Ethics/Responsibility
Chan S, Harris J. Free Riders and Pious Sons—Why Science Research Remains Obligatory.  Bioethics.
2009;23(3):161-171. 

Placebos
Miller, F. and T. Kaptchuk  "The power of context: reconceptualizing the placebo effect."  Journal of the Royal
Society of Medicine. 2008;101:222-225.

Normile D. Clinical Trials Guidelines at Odds with US Policy.  Science 2008;322(5901): 516.

Tilburt JC, Emanuel EJ, et al. Prescribing "placebo treatments": results of national survey of US internists and
rheumatologists.  BMJ 2008;337:a1938. You may want to read the responses at the end of the article also.

Politics & Conscientious Objection
Antonmmaria AHM.  Adjudicating rights or analyzing interests: ethicists’ role in the debate over conscience in
clinical practice.  Theor Med Bioethics. 2008;29(3):  201-212. 

Brock DW.  Conscientious refusal by physicians and pharmacists: who is obligated to do what, and why?  Theor
Med Bioethics. 2008;29(3): 187-200. 

Curlin FA. Conscience and Clinical Practice: Medical Ethics in the Face of Moral Controversy.  Theor Med Bioethics. 2008;29(3):129-133.

Hardt JJ. The Conscience Debate: Resources for Rapprochement from the Problem’s Perceived Source.  Theor
Med Bioethics. 2008;29(3): 151-160. 

Sulmasy DP. What is Conscience and Why Is Respect for It So Important?  Theor Med Bioethics.
2008;29(3):135-149. 

Wicclair MR. Is conscientious objection incompatible with a physician’s professional obligations?  Theor Med
Bioethics. 2008;29(3): 171-185. 

Practice Guidelines
Kramer JD, Gostin LO.  Science, Politics, and Values: The Politicization of Professional Practice Guidelines.  JAMA.
2009; 301:665-667. 

Stricker RB. Attorney General forces Infectious Diseases Society of America to redo Lyme guidelines due to
flawed development process. Journal of Medical Ethics 2009;35:283-288. 

Practice of medicine/ physician health
Godlee F. Doctors’ Health Matters.  BMJ 2008;337:a2527. 

Jacobson RM, et al. Ethics in Everyday Pediatrics.  Journal of Pediatrics.  2009;154(6):781-782.e1.

Kearney MK, et al. Self-care of Physicians Caring for Patients at the End of Life.  JAMA. 2009;301(11):1155-
1164. 

Nuland S. The Soul of Medicine.  2009.  Kaplan Publishing. ISBN-10: 1607140551   

Professionalism
Barilan YM Responsibility as a meta-virtue: truth-telling, deliberation and wisdom in medical professionalism. 
Journal of Medical Ethics 2009;35:153-158. 

Shah N, et al. Teaching Professionalism: A Tale of Three Schools. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine.
2008;51(4): 535-546. 

Warren P Studying Medicine with a Criminal Record.  Lancet 2008;372(9643):  

Woodruff JN, et al. Medical Professionalism: One Size Fits All? Perspectives in Biology and Medicine.  2008;51(4):
525-534.. 

Psychiatric Issues
Strous RD. To protect or to publish: confidentiality and the fate of the mentally ill victims of Nazi euthanasia. 
Journal of Medical Ethics 2009;35:361-364. 

Public Health/ Bioterrorism/Violence/Disasters
Fairchild AL, Bayer R, Colgrove J. Searching Eyes: Privacy, the State, and Disease Surveillance in America. 
University of California Press.  2007. ISBN-10: 0520253256.  There is a review in: Tuter P. Searching Eyes:
Privacy, the State, and Disease Surveillance in America. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine.  2008;51(4): 660-
662. 

Murphy T, Whitty N. Is Human Rights Prepared? Risk, Rights and Public Health Emergencies.  Med Law Rev 2009
17: 219-244. 

Quality of Life/Peer Review
Marino BS, et al. Quality-of-Life Concerns Differ Among Patients, Parents, and Medical Providers in Children and
Adolescents With Congenital and Acquired Heart Disease.  Pediatrics 2009;123(4):e708-e715. 

Rationing/Denial of Coverage
Buyx AM. Personal responsibility for health as a rationing criterion: why we don’t like it and why maybe we
should.  Journal of Medical Ethics 2008;34:871-874. 

Lauridsen S. ADMINISTRATIVE GATEKEEPING – A THIRD WAY BETWEEN UNRESTRICTED PATIENT ADVOCACY AND
BEDSIDE RATIONING. Bioethics.  2009; 23(5):311-320. 

Persad G, Wertheimer A, Emanuel EJ. Principles for allocation of scarce medical interventions.  The Lancet.
2009;373(9661):432-431. 

Speight J, Reaney M. Wouldn’t it be NICE to consider patients’ views when rationing health care? BMJ.
2009;338:b85. 

Religion & Spiritual Issues
Carr MF. The Spectrum of Religion and Science in Clinical Encounters.  Journal Clinical Ethics. 2008;19(4):360. 

Jotkowitz A. Navigating the Chasm Between Religious and Secular Perspectives in Modern Bioethics. Journal of
Medical Ethics 2009;35:357-360. 

Koenig HG. Medicine, Religion, and Health.  West Conshohocken, PA, Templeton Foundation Press, 2008. ISBN-
13: 978-1-5994-7141-9. This is reviewed in: Fosarelli P. JAMA. 2008;300(24):2922. 

May T. Personal Morality and Professional Obligations: Rights of Conscience and Informed Consent.  Perspectives in Biology and Medicine.  2009;52(1):30-38. 

Vanderpool HY. The Religious Features of Scientific Medicine. Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal. 2008;18(3):203-234.  “article argues that the practice of medicine manifests characteristic features of religion”

Wernow JR, Grant DG. Dispensing with conscience: a legal and ethical assessment. Ann Pharmacother.
2008;42(11):1669-78. 

Wicclair MR. Negative and Positive Claims of Conscience.  Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 2009:18:14-
22. 

Reproduction, Contraception, Assisted Reproduction, Abortion
Bennett R. The Fallacy of the Principle of Procreative Beneficence.  Bioethics. 2009;23(5):265-273. 

Curfman GD, et al. Physicians and the First Amendment.  NEJM 2008: 359(23):2484-2485.

Donchin A. Toward a Gender-Sensitive Assisted Reproduction Policy.  Bioethics. 2009;23(1):28-38. 

Gillett G. Overlap of Premature Birth and Permissible Abortion.  Journal of Medical Ethics 2009;35:343-347. 

Green RM. Babies by Design.  Yale University Press. 2007.  ISBN-10: 0300125461.

Johnston J. Judging Octomom. Hastings Center Report. 2009;39(3):23-25.

Jones S, Gillett G. Posthumous reproduction: consent and its limitations. J Law Med. 2008;16(2):279-87. 

Kurtz M. More Than a Village: Meeting the Health Care Needs of Multiples.  Hastings Center Report.
2009;39(3):25-26. 

Lazzarini Z. South Dakota’s Abortion Script—Threatening the Physician—Patient Relationship.  NEJM
2008;359(21):2189-2191. 

Lotz Mianna.  Procreative Reasons—Relevance: On the Moral Significance of Why We Have Children.  Bioethics.
2009;23(5):291-299. 

Mahowald MB. Babies by (Intelligent) Design?  Perspectives in Biology and Medicine.  2008;51(4): 629-635. 

Mukattash TL, Millership JS, Collier PS, McElnay JC. Public awareness and views on unlicensed use of medicines
in children. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2008;66(6):838-45. 

Robertson JA. The Octuplet Case—Why More Regulation Is Not Likely.  Hastings Center Report. 2009;39(3): 26-
28. 

Savulescu J, Kahane G. The Moral Obligation to Create Children with the Best Chance of the Best Life.  Bioethics. 2009;23(5):274-290. 

Solberg B. Getting Beyond the Welfare of the Child in Assisted Reproduction.  Journal of Medical Ethics
2009;35:373-376. 

Stoller SE. Why We Are Not Morally Required to Select the Best Children: A Response to Savulescu. Bioethics.
2008;22(7):364-369. 

Sparrow R. Therapeutic Cloning and Reproductive Liberty.  J Med Philos.  2009, 34(2):102-118.  Tieu MM. 
Altruistic surrogacy: the necessary objectification of surrogate mothers.  Journal of Medical Ethics 2009;35:171-
175. 

Research & Experimental Treatments
Emanuel EJ, et al. The Oxford Textbook of Clinical Research Ethics. 2008. Oxford University Press. New Yord, NY. 
ISBN-10: 0195168658.  This is reviewed: Faunce TA.  JAMA.  2008;300(12):1466-1468. 

Glass KC, Binik A. Rethinking risk in pediatric research. J Law Med Ethics.  2008;36(3):567-576.

Grady, C. "Vulnerability in Research:Individuals with Limited Financial and/or Social Resources."Journal of Law,
Medicine and Ethics 2009:37(1): 485-493.

Kanter SL. Ethical approval for studies involving human participants: academic medicine's new policy. Acad Med.
2009;84(2):149-50. 

Lewis P. Alexander technique trial:  A trial subject’s perspective.   BMJ 2009;338:b1059.  (a letter from a subject
on how to value improvement.  The study is discussed in: Little P, Lewith G, Webley F, Evans M, Beattie A,
Middleton K, et al. Randomised controlled trial of Alexander technique lessons, exercise, and massage (ATEAM)
for chronic and recurrent back pain. BMJ 2008;337:a884.  

Kon A. The Role of Empirical Research in Bioethics.  AJOB 2009;9(6):59.

Manson N, O’Neill O. Rethinking Informed Consent.  Cambridge University Press. 2007. ISBN-10; 0521697476. 
This is reviewed:Kukla R. Communicating Consent. Hastings Center Report. 2009;39(3): 45-47.

Miller FG. Research on medical records without informed consent. J Law Med Ethics. 2008;36(3):560-6. 

Pierce R. What a tangled web we weave: ethical and legal implications of deception in recruitment. Account Res.
2008;15(4):262-82. 

Rajakumar K, et al. Racial Differences in Parents’ Distrust of Medicine and Research.  Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med.
 2009;163(2):108-114. 

Sammons HM. Ethical Issues of Clinical Trials in Children: A European Perspective.  Arch Dis Child.  2009;94:474-
477. 

Sugarman J, Siegel AW. Research ethics. When embryonic stem cell lines fail to meet consent standards.
Science. 2008; 322(5900):379. 

Social Issues
Dwyer J. When the Discharge Plan is Deportation: Hospitals, Immigrants, and Social Responsibility.  Bioethics. 
2009; 23(3):ii-iv.

Venters HD. Who Is Jack Bauer? Lancet 2008;372(9653):1924-1925. 

Wendler D. Minimal Risk in Pediatric Research as a Function of Age.  Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2009;163(2):115-
118. 

Stem cells/Embryos/Oocytes/Cord Blood/Chimeras
Brugger EC. “Other selves”: moral and legal proposals regarding the personhood of cryopreserved human
embryos.  Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics.  2009;30(2):105-129. 

Enzmann V, Yolcu E, Kaplan HJ, Ildstad ST. Stem cells as tools in regenerative therapy for retinal degeneration.
Arch Ophthalmol. 2009;127(4):563-71. 

Legge M, Jones LM. Stem cell spinal cord regeneration: first do no harm.  Journal of Medical Ethics 2008;34:838-
839. 

Levens ED, DeChemey AH. Human Oocyte Research: The Ethics of Donation and Donor Protection 
JAMA. 2008;300:2174-2176. 

Lo B, Parham L. Ethical issues in stem cell research. Endocr Rev. 2009;30(3):204-13. 

Moller M. Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research and the Discarded Embryo Argument.  Theoretical Medicine and
Bioethics.  2009;30(2): 131-145. 

Nielsen TH. What Happened to the Stem Cells? J Med Ethics 2008; 34: 852-857. 

Solbakk JH, Holm S. The Ethics of Stem Cell Research: Can the Disagreements Be Resolved?  J Med Ethics
2008;34(12):831-832.

Sparrow R. Therapeutic Cloning and Reproductive Liberty.  J Med & Phil.  2009 34(2):102-118. 

Suckiel E. Human embryonic stem cell research: a critical survey of the ethical issues. Adv Pediatr. 2008;55(79-
96. 

Wilson JM. A History Lesson for Stem Cells.  Science 2009;324(5928):727-728.

Woods S. Stem Cell Stories: From Bedside to Bench. Journal of Medical Ethics 2008;34:845-848. 

Technology
Fenton A, Baylis F, Meynell L. Ethical Challenges and Interpretive Difficulties with Non-Clinical Applications of
Pediatric fMRI.  AJOB. 2009;9(1):3. 

Moszczynski A. Is Once Always Enough? Revisiting the single use item.  Journal of Medical Ethics 2009;35:87-90. 

Terrorism/Bioterrorism/etc
Jones E, Bhui K. The new ethics of research into terrorism.  BMJ 2008;337:a3069. 

Transplants/Transfusions/Tissue Donations
Antommaria AH, et al. Policies on Donation after Cardiac Death at Children’s Hospitals.  JAMA
2009;301(18):1902-1908. 

Chybicka A. Quality of life and ethical and legal dilemmas in children during and after hematopoietic SCT
procedure. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2008;42 Suppl 2(S87-9. 

Dyer K. Presumed consent and donation: How about enforced choice?  BMJ 2009;338:b654.  (a letter)

Glannon W. Responsibility and Priority in Liver Transplantation.  Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics
2009:18:23-35. 

Gunderman RB. Giving ourselves: the ethics of anatomical donation. Anat Sci Educ. 2008;1(5):217-9. 

Joffe AR, et al. Survey of Pediatricians’ Opinions on Donation after Cardiac Death: Are the Donors
Dead? Pediatrics. 2008;122(5):3967=e974. 

Kwek TK, Lew TW, Tan HL, Kong S. The transplantable organ shortage in Singapore: has implementation of
presumed consent to organ donation made a difference? Ann Acad Med Singapore. 2009;38(4):346-348. 

Miller FG, Truog RD. Rethinking the Ethics of Vital Organ Donations.  Hastings Center Report 2008;38(6). 

Naffine N, Richards B, Rogers W. Scaring us all to death: the need for responsible legal scholarship on post-
mortem organ donation. J Law Med. 2009;16(4):696-707.

Shildrick M, et al. Troubling Dimensions of Heart Transplantation.  Medical Humanities 2009;35:35-38. 

Simpkin AL, et al. Modifiable Factors Influencing Relatives Decisions to Offer Organ Donation: Systematic
Review.  BMJ 2009;338:b991. 

Rithalia A, et al. Impact of Presumed Consent for Organ Donation on Donation Rates: A Systemic Review.  BMJ.
2009;338:a3162. 

Steinberg D, Pomfret EA. A Novel Boundary Issue: Should a Patient Be An Organ Donor for Their Physician? 
Journal of Medical Ethics. 2008;34:772-774. 

Volunteerism/NGO/Service
Crump JA, Sugarman J. Ethical Considerations for Short-term Experiences by Trainees in Global Health. JAMA.
2008;300:1456-1458.

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