Algorithms for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Urinary Tract Infection in Children (Eight Days to Five Years of Age)

This page provides evidence-based algorithms for the diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children aged eight days to five years. Designed for healthcare professionals, these algorithms support timely diagnosis, standardized management and informed clinical decision-making to help improve outcomes.

Figure 1. Management of Children With Suspected Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Ages 8–60 Days 

Abbreviations: AAP, American Academy of Pediatrics; CFU, colony-forming unit; CPG, clinical practice guideline; hpf, high-powered field; LE, leukocyte esterase; WBC, white blood cell.

Figure 2. Management of Children With Suspected Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Ages 2–24 Months 

Abbreviations: CFU, colony-forming unit; hpf, high-powered field; LE, leukocyte esterase; WBC, white blood cell.

Figure 3. Management of Children With Suspected Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Ages >24 Months–5 Years

Abbreviations: cath, catheterization; CCU, clean catch urine; CFU, colony-forming unit; hpf, high-powered field; LE, leukocyte esterase; Sx, symptoms; WBC, white blood cell.

Figure 4. Imaging for Suspected Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

Abbreviations: VCUG, voiding cystourethrography; VUR, vesicoureteral reflux.